Eli linqaku lesithathu nelokugqibela kuthotho olunezigaba ezintathu. Inqaku lokuqala lichaze ukupakishwa kokuthutha okungasetyenziswa kwakhona kunye nendima yako kwikhonkco lokubonelela, inqaku lesibini lichaze iingenelo zoqoqosho kunye nokusingqongileyo zokupakishwa kokuthutha okungasetyenziswa kwakhona, kwaye eli nqaku lokugqibela libonelela ngemida kunye nezixhobo zokunceda abafundi bagqibe ukuba ngaba kuyanceda na ukutshintsha yonke okanye ezinye zeenkqubo zokupakishwa kokuthutha zenkampani ezisetyenziswa kube kanye okanye ezilinganiselweyo zibe yinkqubo yokupakishwa kokuthutha okungasetyenziswa kwakhona.
Xa ucinga ngokusebenzisa inkqubo yokupakisha ezothutho enokusetyenziswa kwakhona, imibutho kufuneka ijonge ngokupheleleyo iindleko zeenkqubo zoqoqosho nezokusingqongileyo ukuze ilinganise impembelelo enokubakho iyonke. Kwicandelo lokunciphisa iindleko zokusebenza, kukho iindawo ezininzi apho ukonga iindleko kudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuvavanyeni ukuba ukuphinda kusetyenziswe kwakhona kuyindlela ekhangayo na. Oku kuquka ukuthelekiswa kwezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo (ukusetyenziswa kanye ngokuchasene nokusetyenziswa okuninzi), ukonga abasebenzi, ukonga ezothutho, imiba yomonakalo wemveliso, imiba yokhuseleko lwabasebenzi/ukhuseleko kunye nezinye iindawo ezimbalwa zokonga ezinkulu.
Ngokubanzi, izinto ezininzi zimisela ukuba kuya kuba luncedo na ukutshintsha yonke okanye inxalenye yenkqubo yokupakisha yokuthutha yenkampani esetyenziswa kube kanye okanye esetyenziswa kancinci ukuya kwinkqubo yokupakisha yokuthutha ephinda isetyenziswe, kuquka:
Inkqubo yokuthumela evulekileyo okanye elawulwayo evaliweyo: Nje ukuba ukupakisha okungasetyenziswa kwakhona kuthunyelwe kwindawo yokugqibela kwaye umxholo ususiwe, izinto zokupakisha ezingenanto ziyaqokelelwa, zibekwe kwinqanaba, kwaye zibuyiselwe ngaphandle kwexesha elininzi kunye neendleko. Uhambo olubuyela umva—okanye uhambo lokubuyela kwizinto zokupakisha ezingenanto—kufuneka luphindwe kwinkqubo yokuthumela evulekileyo okanye elawulwayo.
Ukuhamba kweemveliso ezihambelanayo ngobuninzi obukhulu: Inkqubo yokupakisha yokuthutha ephinda isetyenziswe kulula ukuyithethelela, ukuyigcina, kunye nokusebenza ukuba kukho ukuhamba kweemveliso ezihambelanayo ngobuninzi obukhulu. Ukuba zimbalwa iimveliso ezithunyelwayo, ukonga okunokwenzeka kweendleko zokupakisha zokuthutha eziphinda zisetyenziswe kunokulungiswa lixesha kunye neendleko zokulandelela izinto ezingenanto zokupakisha kunye nokuhanjiswa kwezinto ezibuyela umva. Ukuguquguquka okukhulu kwimvamisa yokuthunyelwa okanye iintlobo zeemveliso ezithunyelwayo kunokwenza kube nzima ukucwangcisa ngokuchanekileyo inani, ubungakanani, kunye nohlobo oluchanekileyo lwezixhobo zokupakisha zokuthutha.
Iimveliso ezinkulu okanye ezinkulu okanye ezo zonakaliswa lula: Ezi zilungele ukupakisha okunokusetyenziswa kwakhona. Iimveliso ezinkulu zifuna izikhongozeli ezinkulu, ezibiza kakhulu ezisetyenziswa kanye okanye ezingasetyenziswa kakhulu, ngoko ke amathuba okonga iindleko ixesha elide ngokutshintshela kwiipakeji zokuthutha ezinokusetyenziswa kwakhona mahle kakhulu.
Ababoneleli okanye abathengi abaqokelelene omnye komnye: Oku kwenza ukuba abantu abanokuba ngabaviwa bonge iindleko zokupakisha ezingasetyenziswa kwakhona. Amandla okuseta "iindlela zobisi" (iindlela ezincinci zemihla ngemihla zelori) kunye namaziko okudibanisa (iidokhi zokulayisha ezisetyenziselwa ukuhlunga, ukucoca, kunye nokubeka izinto zokupakisha ezisetyenziswa kwakhona) kudala amathuba amakhulu okonga iindleko.
Imithwalo engenayo ingathathwa kwaye idityaniswe ukuze ihanjiswe rhoqo ngexesha elifanelekileyo.
Ukongeza, kukho ezinye izinto eziphambili ezibangela ukuba kusetyenziswe kakhulu iindlela zokukhusela, kuquka:
· Ubuninzi benkunkuma eqinileyo
· Ukuncitshiswa rhoqo okanye ukonakala kwemveliso
· Iindleko zokupakisha ezibizayo okanye iindleko zokupakisha ezisetyenziswa kanye kuphela
· Indawo yeetreyila engasetyenziswanga ngokwaneleyo kwezothutho
· Indawo yokugcina/yokugcina impahla engasebenzi kakuhle
· Iingxaki zokhuseleko lwabasebenzi okanye ze-ergonomic
· Imfuneko enkulu yococeko/ucoceko
· Imfuneko yokudibanisa
· Uhambo oluqhelekileyo
Ngokubanzi, inkampani kufuneka icinge ngokutshintshela kwiphakheji yokuthutha engasetyenziswa kwakhona xa ibiza kancinci kunephakheji yokuthutha esetyenziswa kanye okanye esetyenziswa kancinci, kwaye xa izama ukufikelela kwiinjongo zokuzinza ezibekelwe umbutho wayo. Amanyathelo amathandathu alandelayo aya kunceda iinkampani zigqibe ukuba ukupakisha kokuthutha okungasetyenziswa kwakhona kunokongeza inzuzo kwingeniso yazo.
1. Chonga iimveliso ezinokubakho
Yenza uluhlu lweemveliso ezithunyelwa rhoqo ngobuninzi kunye/okanye ezihambelanayo ngohlobo, ubungakanani, imo kunye nobunzima.
2. Qikelela iindleko zokupakisha ezisetyenziswa kube kanye nezilinganiselweyo
Qikelela iindleko zangoku zokusebenzisa iipallets kunye neebhokisi ezisetyenziswa kube kanye nezingasetyenziswanga. Bandakanya iindleko zokuthenga, zokugcina, ukuphatha kunye nokulahla ukupakisha kunye neendleko ezongezelelweyo zayo nayiphi na imida yokhuseleko kunye nokhuseleko lwabasebenzi.
3. Yenza ingxelo yejografi
Yila ingxelo yejografi ngokuchonga iindawo zokuthumela kunye nezokuhambisa. Vavanya ukusetyenziswa kweendawo zobisi zemihla ngemihla nezeveki kunye neendawo zokudibanisa (iidokhi zokulayisha ezisetyenziselwa ukuhlunga, ukucoca kunye nokubeka izinto zokupakisha ezinokuphinda zisetyenziswe). Kwakhona qwalasela uthotho lokubonelela; kunokwenzeka ukuba kube lula ukutshintshela kwizinto ezinokuphinda zisetyenziswe kunye nabathengisi.
4. Hlaziya iindlela zokupakisha ezothutho ezinokuphinda zisetyenziswe kunye neendleko
Hlaziya iintlobo ngeentlobo zeenkqubo zokupakisha ezingasetyenziswa kwakhona ezikhoyo kunye neendleko zokuzihambisa kwikhonkco lokubonelela. Phanda iindleko kunye nexesha elichithwe (inani lemijikelo yokusetyenziswa kwakhona) kwezinto zokupakisha ezisetyenziswa kwakhona.
5. Qikelela iindleko ze-reverse logistics
Ngokusekelwe kwiindawo zokuthumela nokuhambisa ezichongiweyo kwingxelo yejografi eyenziwe kwiNyathelo lesi-3, qikelela iindleko zokuhambisa izinto ngendlela ebuyela umva kwinkqubo yokuthumela impahla evaliweyo okanye elawulwayo.
Ukuba inkampani ikhetha ukunganikeli izixhobo zayo ekulawuleni izinto ezibuyela umva, inokufumana uncedo lwenkampani yolawulo lokudibanisa iqela lesithathu ukusingatha yonke okanye inxalenye yenkqubo yezinto ezibuyela umva.
6. Phuhlisa uthelekiso lweendleko zokuqala
Ngokusekelwe kulwazi oluqokelelwe kumanyathelo angaphambili, phuhlisa uthelekiso lwamaxabiso okuqala phakathi kokupakisha kokuthutha okungasetyenziswa kube kanye okanye okulinganiselweyo kunye nokupakishwa okunokusetyenziswa kwakhona. Oku kuquka ukuthelekisa iindleko zangoku ezichazwe kwiNyathelo lesi-2 kunye nesimbuku sale ilandelayo:
– Ixabiso lemali kunye nohlobo lwepakethe yokuthutha ephinda isetyenziswe ephandwe kwiNyathelo 4
– Ixabiso eliqikelelweyo lezinto ezibuyela umva ezivela kwiNyathelo lesi-5.
Ukongeza kwezi ndleko zokonga ezinokubalwa, ukupakisha okungasetyenziswa kwakhona kuye kwangqinwa ukuba kunciphisa iindleko ngezinye iindlela, kuquka ukunciphisa umonakalo wemveliso obangelwa zizikhongozeli ezingasebenzi kakuhle, ukunciphisa iindleko zomsebenzi kunye nokwenzakala, ukunciphisa indawo efunekayo yokugcina impahla, kunye nokwandisa imveliso.
Nokuba abaqhubi bakho basebenza ngezoqoqosho okanye ngokwendalo, kukho amathuba amakhulu okuba ukufaka ukupakisha okungasetyenziswa kwakhona kwikhonkco lakho lokubonelela kuya kuba nefuthe elihle kwixabiso lenkampani yakho kunye nokusingqongileyo.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Meyi-10-2021